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KOMPLETNA LITERATURA ZA KNJIGU DIJETOTERAPIJA KOD HAŠIMOTO TIREOIDITISA

DEO 1 — RAZUMEVANJE HAŠIMOTO TIREOIDITISA

1.1 Istorijat i epidemiološki pregled

1. Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A., & Rose, N.R. (2014). Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4–5), 391–397. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007.

2. Effraimidis, G., & Wiersinga, W.M. (2014). Mechanisms in endocrinology: Autoimmune thyroid disease: Old and new players. European Journal of Endocrinology, 170(6), R241–R252. DOI: 10.1530/EJE-14-0047.

3. Hu, X., Chen, Y., Shen, Y., Tian, R., Sheng, Y., & Que, H. (2022). Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1020709. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020709.

4. McLeod, D.S.A., & Cooper, D.S. (2012). The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine, 42(2), 252–265. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9703-2.

5. Vanderpump, M.P.J. (2011). The epidemiology of thyroid disease. British Medical Bulletin, 99(1), 39–51. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldr030.

6. Weetman, A.P. (2020). An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 44(5), 883–890. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01477-1.

1.2 Patogeneza i udružena oboljenja

1. Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A., & Rose, N.R. (2014). Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4–5), 391–397. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007.

2. Conigliaro, P., D'Antonio, A., Pinto, S., Chimenti, M.S., Triggianese, P., Rotondi, M., & Perricone, C. (2020). Autoimmune thyroid disorders and rheumatoid arthritis: Similarities and differences. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(9), 2968. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092968.

3. Fasano, A. (2011). Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: The biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiological Reviews, 91(1), 151–175. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2008.

4. Fasano, A. (2020). All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: Role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. F1000Research, 9, 69. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20510.1.

5. Malandrini, S., Trimboli, P., Guzzaloni, G., Virili, C., & Lucchini, B. (2022). What about TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease using a gluten-free diet? A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1681. DOI: 10.3390/nu14081681.

6. Metso, S., Hyytiä-Ilmonen, H., Kaukinen, K., Huhtala, H., Jaatinen, P., Salmi, J., & Collin, P. (2012). Gluten-free diet and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with celiac disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(34), 4822–4826. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4822.

7. Song, R.H., Wang, B., Yao, Q.M., Li, Q., Jia, X., & Zhang, J.A. (2019). The impact of obesity on thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2349. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02349.

8. Wrońska, A., Chyl-Surdacka, K., Grabarczyk, Ł., & Tabarkiewicz, J. (2024). The role of the immune system in the course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: The current state of knowledge. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 56(4), 247–258. DOI: 10.1055/a-1972-5787.

1.3 Biohemijski markeri i njihova tumačenja

1. Abdulhassan, J.A., et al. (2025). The influence of reverse triiodothyronine on neuropsychiatric disorders: A narrative review. Postgraduate Medical Journal. DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgaf042.

2. Ahluwalia, R., et al. (2023). Use of liothyronine (T3) in hypothyroidism: Joint British Thyroid Association/Society for Endocrinology consensus statement. Clinical Endocrinology, 99(3), 285–295. DOI: 10.1111/cen.14935.

3. Brent, G.A., & Hershman, J.M. (2018). Reverse T3 or perverse T3? Still puzzling after 40 years. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 85(6), 450–451. DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.85gr.18003.

4. Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A., & Rose, N.R. (2014). Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4–5), 391–397. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007.

5. Garber, J.R., Cobin, R.H., Gharib, H., Hennessey, J.V., Klein, I., Mechanick, J.I., Pessah-Pollack, R., Singer, P.A., & Woeber, K.A. (2012). Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults. Endocrine Practice, 18(6), 988–1028. DOI: 10.4158/EP12280.GL.

6. Gomes-Lima, C., Wartofsky, L., & Burman, K. (2019). Can reverse T3 assay be employed to guide T4 vs. T4/T3 therapy in hypothyroidism? Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10, 856. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00856.

7. Hu, X., Chen, Y., Shen, Y., Tian, R., Sheng, Y., & Que, H. (2022). Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1020709. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020709.

8. Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A.C., Bauer, A.J., Burman, K.D., Cappola, A.R., Celi, F.S., Cooper, D.S., Kim, B.W., Peeters, R.P., Rosenthal, M.S., & Sawka, A.M. (2014). Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 24(12), 1670–1751. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0028.

9. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

10. Nassar, M., Hassan, A., Ramadan, S., Desouki, M.T., Hassan, M.A., & Chaudhuri, A. (2024). Evaluating the effectiveness of combined T4 and T3 therapy or desiccated thyroid versus T4 monotherapy in hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 24, 90. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01612-6.

11. Peeters, R.P., et al. (2025). Reverse T3 in patients with hypothyroidism on different thyroid hormone replacement. PLOS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325046.

12. Vargas-Uricoechea, H., & Wartofsky, L. (2024). LT4/LT3 combination therapy vs. monotherapy with LT4 for persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism: A systematic review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 9218. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179218.

13. Wartofsky, L., & Dickey, R.A. (2005). The evidence for a narrower thyrotropin reference range is compelling. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90(9), 5483–5488. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0455.

DEO 2 — ISHRANA KOD HAŠIMOTO TIREOIDITISA

2.1 Gluten

1. Araújo, E.M.Q., Coutinho-Lima, C.R.O., de Sousa, A.S., de Souza, L.M.S., Ramos, H.E., de Almeida-Pititto, B., De Luca Canto, G., & Trevisani, V.F.M. (2025). Effects of gluten-free diet in non-celiac Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 17(21), 3437. DOI: 10.3390/nu17213437.

2. Alkader, D.A.A., et al. (2023). Exploring the role of gut microbiota in autoimmune thyroid disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1238146. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1238146.

3. Cayres, L.C.F., de Salis, L.V.V., Rodrigues, G.S.P., Lengert, A.V.H., Biondi, A.P.C., Sargentini, L.D.B., Brisotti, J.L., Gomes, E., & de Oliveira, G.L.V. (2021). Detection of alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 579140. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140.

4. Fasano, A. (2011). Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: The biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiological Reviews, 91(1), 151–175. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2008.

5. Fasano, A. (2020). All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: Role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. F1000Research, 9, 69. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20510.1.

6. Guarneri, F., Guarneri, C., & Benvenga, S. (2005). Helicobacter pylori and molecular mimicry with thyroid antigens. Digestive and Liver Disease, 37(5), 323–329. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.11.010.

7. Lundin, K.E.A., & Wijmenga, C. (2015). Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease — genetic overlap and screening. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 12(9), 507–515. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136.

8. Malandrini, S., Trimboli, P., Guzzaloni, G., Virili, C., & Lucchini, B. (2022). What about TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease using a gluten-free diet? A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1681. DOI: 10.3390/nu14081681.

9. Metso, S., Hyytiä-Ilmonen, H., Kaukinen, K., Huhtala, H., Jaatinen, P., Salmi, J., & Collin, P. (2012). Gluten-free diet and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with celiac disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(34), 4822–4826. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4822.

10. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

11. Piticchio, T., Frasca, F., Malandrino, P., Trimboli, P., Carrubba, N., Tumminia, A., Vinciguerra, F., & Frittitta, L. (2023). Effect of gluten-free diet on autoimmune thyroiditis progression in patients with no symptoms or histology of celiac disease: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1200372. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200372.

12. Vojdani, A., & Tarash, I. (2013). Cross-reaction between gliadin and different food and tissue antigens. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(1), 20–32. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.41005.

2.2 Mleko i mlečni proizvodi

1. Cieślińska, A., Fiedorowicz, E., Rozmus, D., Sienkiewicz-Szłapka, E., Jarmołowska, B., & Kamiński, S. (2022). Does a little difference make a big difference? Bovine β-casein A1 and A2 variants and human health — an update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(24), 15637. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415637.

2. Ferrari, S.M., Patrizio, A., Mazzi, V., Ragusa, F., Botrini, C., Elia, G., Balestri, E., Barozzi, E., Rugani, L., Bracchitta, E., Stoppini, A., Frenzilli, G., Baldini, E., Virili, C., Benvenga, S., Fallahi, P., & Antonelli, A. (2024). Lactose intolerance and levothyroxine malabsorption: A review of the literature and report of a series of patients treated with liquid L-T4 without lactose. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1386510. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1386510.

3. Marabotto, E., Ferone, D., Djahandideh Sheijani, A., Vera, L., Ziola, S., Savarino, E., Bodini, G., Furnari, M., Zentilin, P., Savarino, V., Giusti, M., Navarro Rojas, F.A., Bagnasco, M., Albertelli, M., & Giannini, E.G. (2022). Prevalence of lactose intolerance in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and impact on LT4 replacement dose. Nutrients, 14(15), 3017. DOI: 10.3390/nu14153017.

4. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

5. Osowiecka, K., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2023). The influence of nutritional intervention in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis — a systematic review. Nutrients, 15(4), 1041. DOI: 10.3390/nu15041041.

6. Sabater-Molina, M., Martínez-García, M., Herrera-Martínez, A.D., & Baenas-Soto, I. (2025). The impact of A1- and A2 β-casein on health outcomes: A comprehensive review of evidence from human studies. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 7278. DOI: 10.3390/app15137278.

7. Virili, C., Trimboli, P., Romanelli, F., & Centanni, M. (2019). Liquid and softgel levothyroxine use in clinical practice: State of the art. Endocrine, 66(1), 3–14. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02049-x.

2.3 Šećer, ugljeni hidrati i insulinska rezistencija

1. Buyken, A.E., Mela, D.J., Dussort, P., Johnson, I.T., Macdonald, I.A., Stowell, J.D., & Brouns, F.J.P.H. (2018). Dietary carbohydrates: A review of international recommendations and the methods used to derive them. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(12), 1625–1643. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0327-z.

2. Geidl-Flueck, B., Hochuli, M., Németh, Á., Eberl, A., Derval, N., Köfeler, H.C., Spinas, G.A., Berneis, K., Langhans, W., & Gerber, P.A. (2021). Fructose- and sucrose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hepatology, 74(2), 297–303. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.013.

3. Ma, X., Nan, F., Liang, H., Shu, P., Fan, X., Song, X., Hou, Y., & Zhang, D. (2022). Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 988481. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481.

6. Song, R.H., Wang, B., Yao, Q.M., Li, Q., Jia, X., & Zhang, J.A. (2019). The impact of obesity on thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2349. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02349.

7. Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Liu, J. (2024). MRI quantitative assessment of the effects of low-carbohydrate therapy on Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocrine Connections, 13(5), e230477. DOI: 10.1530/EC-23-0477.

8. Zeevi, D., Korem, T., Zmora, N., Israeli, D., Rothschild, D., Weinberger, A., Ben-Yacov, O., Lador, D., Avnit-Sagi, T., Lotan-Pompan, M., Suez, J., Mahdi, J.A., Matot, E., Malka, G., Straus-Albee, N., Sonnenschein, S., Arbel, T., Cohen, Y., Ben-David, R., & Segal, E. (2015). Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell, 163(5), 1079–1094. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001.

2.4 Biljke iz porodice pomoćnica (Solanaceae)

1. Abbott, R.D., Sadowski, A., & Alt, A.G. (2019). Efficacy of the Autoimmune Protocol Diet as part of a multi-disciplinary, supported lifestyle intervention for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Cureus, 11(4), e4556. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4556.

2. Ahmad, A., Sana, H., Arafat, Y., Hasan, A., Hassan, A., Khan, I., & Khan, M.A. (2024). From inflammation to immune regulation: The dual nature of dietary lectins in health and disease. Heliyon, 10(20), e39471. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39471.

3. Ihnatowicz, P., Gębski, J., & Drywień, M.E. (2023). Effects of Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) diet on changes in thyroid parameters in Hashimoto's disease. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 30(3), 513–521. DOI: 10.26444/aaem/166263.

4. Jalili, M., Dehpour, T., Rouhi, A., Mahmoodi Darani, P., Vaezi, A., & Ahmadi, A.R. (2022). Effect of tomato consumption on inflammatory markers in health and disease status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 52, 319–327. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.010.

5. Keuter, L., Wolbeck, A., Kasimir, M., Schürmann, L., Behrens, M., & Humpf, H.U. (2024). Structural impact of steroidal glycoalkaloids: Barrier integrity, permeability, metabolism, and uptake in intestinal cells. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 68(6), e2300639. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300639.

6. Landrier, J.F., Breniere, T., Sani, L., Desmarchelier, C., Mounien, L., & Borel, P. (2024). Effect of tomato, tomato-derived products and lycopene on metabolic inflammation: From epidemiological data to molecular mechanisms. Nutrition Research Reviews, 37(2), 1–17. DOI: 10.1017/S095442242300029X.

7. Osowiecka, K., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2023). The influence of nutritional intervention in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis — a systematic review. Nutrients, 15(4), 1041. DOI: 10.3390/nu15041041.

2.5 Goitrogene namirnice i jod

1. Benvenga, S., Vigo, M.T., Metro, D., Granese, R., Vita, R., & Le Donne, M. (2023). Interference or noninterference between soy and levothyroxine: That is the question. A narrative review of literature. Endocrine Practice, 29(9), 731–737. DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.06.011.

2. Galanty, A., Grudzińska, M., Paździora, W., Służały, P., & Paśko, P. (2024). Do Brassica vegetables affect thyroid function? A comprehensive systematic review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), 3988. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073988.

3. Messina, M., & Redmond, G. (2006). Effects of soy protein and soybean isoflavones on thyroid function in healthy adults and hypothyroid patients: A review of the relevant literature. Thyroid, 16(3), 249–258. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2006.16.249.

5. Otun, J., Sahebkar, A., Östlundh, L., Atkin, S.L., & Sathyapalan, T. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of soy on thyroid function. Scientific Reports, 9, 3964. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40647-x.

6. Pałkowska-Goździk, E., Lachowicz, K., & Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2021). Levothyroxine interactions with food and dietary supplements — a systematic review. Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 168. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020168.

7. Vargas-Uricoechea, H., Castellanos-Pinedo, A., Meza-Cabrera, I.A., Pinzón-Fernández, M.V., Urrego-Noguera, K., & Vargas-Sierra, H. (2025). Iodine intake from universal salt iodization programs and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review. Diseases, 13(6), 166. DOI: 10.3390/diseases13060166.

2.6 Proteini — mnogo više od očuvanja mišića

1. Cavallo, A., Sidote, D., & Casas-Agustench, P. (2024). Effects of thyroid hormones in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 35(4–5), 253–264. DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0139.

2. Limbaugh, S.L., Ennessy, L.A., Davis, K.S., & Allen, V.T. (2025). Nutrition-based, high-protein adjunct therapy for Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report. Cureus, 17(9), e91597. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.91597.

3. Marinangeli, C.P.F., & House, J.D. (2017). Potential impact of the digestible indispensable amino acid score as a measure of protein quality on dietary regulations and health. Nutrition Reviews, 75(8), 658–667. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux025.

5. Prudencio-Brunello, C.M., Palencia, R.M.D., Yangzom, D.K., Boddapati, P., & Nair, A. (2024). Effects of a vegetarian diet on the development of thyroid disorders. Cureus, 16(10), e71360. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.71360.

6. Sepandi, M., Taghdir, M., Alimohamadi, Y., Etemadi, A., & Tejali, M. (2020). Effect of short- and long-term protein consumption on appetite and appetite-regulating gastrointestinal hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiology & Behavior, 226, 113149. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113149.

7. Stokes, T., Hector, A.J., Morton, R.W., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S.M. (2018). Recent perspectives on the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training. Nutrients, 10(2), 180. DOI: 10.3390/nu10020180.

8. Trommelen, J., van Lieshout, G.A.A., Nyakayiru, J., Holwerda, A.M., Smeets, J.S.J., Hendriks, F.K., van Kranenburg, J.M.X., Zorenc, A.H., Senden, J.M., Goessens, J.P.B., Gijsen, A.P., & van Loon, L.J.C. (2023). The anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in vivo in humans. Cell Reports Medicine, 4(12), 101324. DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101324.

9. van Vliet, S., Burd, N.A., & van Loon, L.J.C. (2015). The skeletal muscle anabolic response to plant- versus animal-based protein consumption. Journal of Nutrition, 145(9), 1981–1991. DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.204305.

10. Wilkinson, K., Koscien, C.P., Monteyne, A.J., Wall, B.T., & Stephens, F.B. (2023). Association of postprandial postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates with dietary leucine: A systematic review. Physiological Reports, 11(15), e15775. DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15775.

2.7 Kvalitet masti i omega balans

1. Aparicio-Ruiz, R., et al. (2022). Cooking with extra-virgin olive oil: A mixture of food components to prevent oxidation and degradation. Food Research International, 157, 111229. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111229.

2. Delfan, M., et al. (2025). The effects of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oils on pro-inflammatory biomarkers and soluble adhesion molecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Nutrition, 11, 78. DOI: 10.1186/s40795-025-01065-5.

3. Innes, J.K., & Calder, P.C. (2018). Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 132, 41–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004.

4. Lv, W., Yan, T., Wang, G., Zhao, X., Chen, H., Zhao, J., Sun, X., & Xu, X. (2024). Association between Omega-3 fatty acids and autoimmune disease: Evidence from umbrella review and Mendelian randomization analysis. Pharmacological Research, 207, 107345. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107345.

5. Marzán, M., et al. (2023). A comparison of the stability of refined edible vegetable oils under frying conditions: Multivariate fingerprinting approach. Molecules, 28(4), 1763. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041763.

6. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

7. Oliveira, M.M.A., et al. (2024). Effects of coconut oil, olive oil, and butter on plasma fatty acids and metabolic risk factors: A randomized trial. Journal of Lipid Research, 65, e100681. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100681.

8. Pang, K.L., Lumintang, J.N., & Chin, K.Y. (2021). Thyroid-modulating activities of olive and its polyphenols: A systematic review. Nutrients, 13(2), 529. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020529.

9. Romero, N., et al. (2002). Influence of thermal treatments simulating cooking processes on the polyphenol content in virgin olive oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(21), 5935–5941. DOI: 10.1021/jf020506w.

10. Shahinfar, H., et al. (2024). Associations of ω-3, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and ω-6:ω-3 ratio with systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers: NHANES 1999–2020. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 1410154. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410154.

11. Siddique, S.A., et al. (2025). Toxic aldehydes in cooking vegetable oils: Generation, toxicity and disposal methods. Food Chemistry: X, 27, 102390. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102390.

12. Simopoulos, A.P. (2002). Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(6), 495–505. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2002.10719248.

2.8 Industrijske namirnice i ultraprocesuirani proizvodi

1. Chassaing, B., Compher, C., Bonhomme, B., Liu, Q., Tian, Y., Walters, W., Nessel, L., Engel, C., Zhu, L., Lacey, A., Patterson, A., Bittinger, K., Lewis, J.D., & Gewirtz, A.T. (2022). Randomized controlled-feeding study of dietary emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose reveals detrimental impacts on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Gastroenterology, 162(3), 743–756. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.037.

2. Chazelas, E., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., de Edelenyi, F.S., Agaësse, C., De Sa, A., Lutchia, R., Rebouillat, P., Srour, B., Debras, C., Huybrechts, I., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., & Touvier, M. (2025). Food additive mixtures and type 2 diabetes incidence: Results from the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort. PLOS Medicine, 22(3), e1004574. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004574.

3. De Souza, R.J., Mente, A., Maroleanu, A., Cozma, A.I., Ha, V., Kishibe, T., Uleryk, E., Budylowski, P., Schünemann, H., Beyene, J., & Anand, S.S. (2015). Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ, 351, h3978. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h3978.

4. Koskinen, M.T., et al. (2026). Genetically modified foods and human health: A comprehensive review and cross-national time-trend analysis. GM Crops & Food, 17(1). DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2026.2634489.

5. Lane, M.M., Gamage, E., Du, S., Ashtree, D.N., McGuinness, A.J., Gauci, S., Baker, P., Lawrence, M., Rebholz, C.M., Srour, B., Touvier, M., Jacka, F.N., O'Neil, A., Segasby, T., & Marx, W. (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: Umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ, 384, e077310. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077310.

6. Menichetti, G., Ravandi, B., Mozaffarian, D., & Barabási, A.L. (2023). Machine learning prediction of the degree of food processing. Nature Communications, 14, 2312. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37490-0.

7. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

8. Prasad, M., Gatasheh, M.K., Alshuniaber, M.A., Krishnamoorthy, R., Rajagopal, P., Krishnamoorthy, K., Periyasamy, V., & Veeraraghavan, V.P. (2023). Impact of glyphosate (Roundup™) on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. Gut Microbiomes, 15(1), 2263935. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263935.

9. Shen, C., Yin, X.C., Jiao, B.Y., Li, J., Jia, P., Zhang, X.W., Cheng, X.H., Ren, J.X., Lan, H.D., Hou, W.B., Fang, M., Li, X., Fei, Y.T., & Robinson, N. (2022). Evaluation of adverse effects/events of genetically modified food consumption: A systematic review of animal and human studies. Environmental Sciences Europe, 34, 8. DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00578-9.

10. Singh, S., Olayinka, O.T., Fr, J., Nisar, M.R., Kotha, R., Saad-Omer, S.I., & Nath, T.S. (2024). Food additives' impact on gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. Cureus, 16(8), e66822. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66822.

11. Whelan, K., Bancil, A.S., Lindsay, J.O., & Chassaing, B. (2024). Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 21, 406–427. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5.

2.9 Antiinflamatorna ishrana kao integrišući okvir

1. Cutini, M., Staltari, O., Siciliano, F., Scalisi, G., Schiattarella, A., & Cevenini, G. (2025). Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the primary prevention of autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition, 134, 112703. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112703.

2. Losurdo, G., Principi, M., Iannone, A., Amoruso, A., Monno, R., Di Leo, A., & Ierardi, E. (2023). Autoimmune thyroid disorders: The Mediterranean diet as a protective choice. Nutrients, 15(18), 3953. DOI: 10.3390/nu15183953.

3. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

4. Noronha, J.C., Kendall, C.W.C., Blanco Mejia, S., Cozma, A.I., Ha, V., Jayalath, V.H., Tsirakis, L., Pickel, L., Simonson, T., & Jenkins, D.J.A. (2024). The effect of adding protein to a carbohydrate meal on postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of acute controlled feeding trials. Journal of Nutrition, 154(7), 2163–2178. DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.024.

6. Ülker, M.T., Arıtıcı Çolak, G., Baş, M., & Erdem, M.G. (2024). Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(2), 1341–1352. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3833.

7. Zeevi, D., Korem, T., Zmora, N., Israeli, D., Rothschild, D., Weinberger, A., Ben-Yacov, O., Lador, D., Avnit-Sagi, T., Lotan-Pompan, M., Suez, J., Mahdi, J.A., Matot, E., Malka, G., Straus-Albee, N., Sonnenschein, S., Arbel, T., Cohen, Y., Ben-David, R., & Segal, E. (2015). Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell, 163(5), 1079–1094. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001.

DEO 3 — SUPLEMENTACIJA

1. Chen, L., Yan, C., Huang, C., Jiang, Z., Lin, R., Wu, X., & Huang, H. (2025). Higher dietary zinc intake increases the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 101(1197), 644–652. DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae202.

2. Froese, D.S., Fowler, B., & Baumgartner, M.R. (2019). Vitamin B12, folate, and the methionine remethylation cycle — biochemistry, pathways, and regulation. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 42(4), 673–685. DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12009.

3. Hahn, J., Cook, N.R., Alexander, E.K., Friedman, S., Walter, J., Bubes, V., Kotler, G., Lee, I.M., Manson, J.E., & Costenbader, K.H. (2022). Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ, 376, e066452. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.

4. Huang, F., Zhang, F., Huang, L., Zhu, X., Huang, C., Li, N., & Wang, X. (2024). Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1445878. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1445878.

5. Huwiler, V.V., Maissen-Abgottspon, S., Stanga, Z., Mühlebach, S., Trepp, R., Bally, L., & Bano, A. (2024). Selenium supplementation in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Thyroid, 34(3), 295–313. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0556.

6. Karimi, Z., Abdi, A., Abbaszadeh, S., Momeni, E., Mohammadi, M., Habibi, M., & Khalilzadeh, M. (2025). Effects of probiotics and synbiotics oral supplementation on thyroid function in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid Research, 18, 39. DOI: 10.1186/s13044-025-00257-4.

7. Liew, S.C., & Gupta, E.D. (2015). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism: Epidemiology, metabolism and the associated diseases. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 58(1), 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.10.004.

8. Lv, W., Yan, T., Wang, G., Zhao, X., Chen, H., Zhao, J., Sun, X., & Xu, X. (2024). Association between Omega-3 fatty acids and autoimmune disease: Evidence from umbrella review and Mendelian randomization analysis. Pharmacological Research, 207, 107345. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107345.

10. Osowiecka, K., Skrypnik, D., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2025). Probiotic supplementation enhances the effects of a nutritional intervention on quality of life in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis — A double-blind randomised study. Nutrients, 17(21), 3387. DOI: 10.3390/nu17213387.

11. Pałkowska-Goździk, E., Lachowicz, K., & Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2021). Levothyroxine interactions with food and dietary supplements — a systematic review. Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 168. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020168.

12. Shu, Q., Kang, C., Li, J., Hou, Z., Xiong, M., Wang, X., & Peng, H. (2024). Effect of probiotics or prebiotics on thyroid function: A meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials. PLOS ONE, 19(1), e0296733. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296733.

13. Sohn, S.Y., Inoue, K., Rhee, C.M., & Leung, A.M. (2024). Risks of iodine excess. Endocrine Reviews, 45(6), 858–879. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae019.

14. Szczuko, M., Zawadzka, K., Szczuko, U., Rudak, L., & Pobłocki, J. (2025). The significance and process of inflammation involving eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic derivatives in Hashimoto's disease. Nutrients, 17(10), 1715. DOI: 10.3390/nu17101715.

15. Tang, Y., Wang, S., Yi, Q., & Liu, Y. (2023). Effects of vitamin D supplementation on autoantibodies and thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 102(52), e36759. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036759.

16. Vargas-Uricoechea, H., Castellanos-Pinedo, A., Meza-Cabrera, I.A., Pinzón-Fernández, M.V., Urrego-Noguera, K., & Vargas-Sierra, H. (2025). Iodine intake from universal salt iodization programs and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review. Diseases, 13(6), 166. DOI: 10.3390/diseases13060166.

17. Winther, K.H., Rayman, M.P., Bonnema, S.J., & Hegedüs, L. (2020). Selenium in thyroid disorders — essential knowledge for clinicians. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(3), 165–176. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0311-6.

18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 2019–2026. fdc.nal.usda.gov

19. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database and Food Composition Data. Parma, Italija. efsa.europa.eu

20. Public Health England / Institute of Food Research. McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 7. izdanje.

Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015.

21. Max Rubner-Institut. Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel (BLS) — Nemačka baza podataka o sastavu namirnica. Karlsruhe, Nemačka. bls.mri.bund.de

22. EuroFIR AISBL. European Food Information Resource Network — usklađena evropska baza podataka o sastavu namirnica. Brisel, Belgija. eurofir.org

DEO 4 — VODIČ ZA ISHRANU

1. Losurdo, G., Principi, M., Iannone, A., Amoruso, A., Monno, R., Di Leo, A., & Ierardi, E. (2023). Autoimmune thyroid disorders: The Mediterranean diet as a protective choice. Nutrients, 15(18), 3953. DOI: 10.3390/nu15183953.

2. Mikulska, A.A., Karaźniewicz-Łada, M., Filipowicz, D., Ruchała, M., & Główka, F.K. (2022). Metabolic characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and the role of microelements and diet in the disease management — an overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6580. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126580.

3. Osowiecka, K., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2023). The influence of nutritional intervention in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis — a systematic review. Nutrients, 15(4), 1041. DOI: 10.3390/nu15041041.

DEO 5 — PRAĆENJE I PRILAGOĐAVANJE

1. Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A., & Rose, N.R. (2014). Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4–5), 391–397. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007.

2. Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A.C., Bauer, A.J., Burman, K.D., Cappola, A.R., Celi, F.S., Cooper, D.S., Kim, B.W., Peeters, R.P., Rosenthal, M.S., & Sawka, A.M. (2014). Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid, 24(12), 1670–1751. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0028.

4. Pałkowska-Goździk, E., Lachowicz, K., & Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2021). Levothyroxine interactions with food and dietary supplements — a systematic review. Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 168. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020168.

DEO 6 — HOLISTIČKA NEGA

1. Duñabeitia, I., González-Devesa, D., Varela-Martínez, S., Diz-Gómez, J.C., & Ayán-Pérez, C. (2023). Effect of physical exercise in people with hypothyroidism: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 83, 523–532. DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2286651.

2. Gierach, M., & Junik, R. (2026). The influence of stress and cortisol on thyroid dysfunction. Endokrynologia Polska, 77(3). DOI: 10.5603/ep.109784.

3. Gutierrez Nunez, S., Peixoto Rabelo, S., Subotic, N., Caruso, J.W., & Knezevic, N.N. (2025). Chronic stress and autoimmunity: The role of HPA axis and cortisol dysregulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(20), 9994. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26209994.

4. Teliti, M., Fanfulla, F., Croce, L., Coperchini, F., & Rotondi, M. (2024). The interplay between subclinical hypothyroidism and poor sleep quality: A systematic review. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 126, 49–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.013.

5. Vuletić, M., Žnidar, V., Barić Žižić, A., Sladić, S., Kaličanin, D., Torlak Lovrić, V., Cvek, M., Punda, A., & Boraska Perica, V. (2025). Recreational exercise and inflammatory patterns in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Observations from a cross-sectional study. Biomolecules, 15(11), 1510. DOI: 10.3390/biom15111510.

6. Wang, B., Huang, J., & Chen, L. (2024). Association between depression and anxiety disorders with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 100279. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100279.

Aleksandra Lišanin

FUNKCIONALNA ISHRANA

KOMPLETNA LITERATURA ZA KNJIGU DIJETOTERAPIJA KOD HAŠIMOTO TIREOIDITISA